A retaining wall is a structure that is designed to hold back soil or other materials to prevent them from sliding or eroding. Retaining walls are commonly used in landscaping, road construction, and other civil engineering projects.

Retaining wall systems refer to a variety of different types of walls that are used for different purposes and constructed with different materials. Some common types of retaining wall systems include:

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1. Gravity Retaining Walls: These walls rely on their own weight and the weight of the soil they retain to resist pressure from behind. They are typically made of heavy materials such as stone or concrete and are often used for taller retaining walls.

2. Cantilever Retaining Walls: These walls are made of reinforced concrete and use a projecting base called a footing to resist the pressure from behind. They have a T-shaped cross-section and can be used for retaining walls up to 8 meters tall.

3. Sheet Piling Retaining Walls: These walls are made of steel or vinyl sheets that are driven into the ground to create a barrier that holds back the soil. They are often used for temporary retaining walls in construction projects.

4. Anchored Retaining Walls: These walls use cables or other types of reinforcement to anchor the wall to the soil behind it. They are often used for retaining walls in areas with soft soil or high water tables.

5. Gabion Retaining Walls: These walls are made of wire mesh baskets filled with rocks or other materials. They are often used for landscaping and erosion control.

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     There are many other types of retaining wall systems, and the choice of system will depend on factors such as the height of the wall, the type of soil, and the available space. It is important to consult with a qualified engineer or contractor when designing and building a retaining wall to ensure it is safe and effective.